Classifying Matter

Elements & Compounds

What is an Element?

An element is a pure substance made of only one type of atom. It cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by chemical means.

Think of elements as the basic letters of the alphabet. You can't simplify the letter 'A' any further!

Examples: Oxygen (O), Gold (Au), Helium (He), Carbon (C)

O
O
O

All the same type of atom.

What is a Compound?

A compound is a pure substance made of two or more different types of atoms that are chemically bonded together in a fixed ratio.

If elements are letters, then compounds are like words. They are formed by combining letters in a specific way.

Examples: Water (H₂O), Table Salt (NaCl), Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)

H
O
H
H
O
H

Different atoms chemically joined.

Check Your Understanding

Is this substance an element or a compound?